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According to the number of layers, there are three types of single-sided, double-sided, and multi-layer circuit boards, which are distinguished according to the circuit layers inside.

The environment in an industrial workshop is different from that of ordinary places, especially in production and processing workshops. Summer temperatures are already high, and combined with the heat dissipation from the machines, temperatures in the workshop often reach over 60°C, and in some cases even reach 80°C. The HDI PCB in industrial control equipment are the "brains" of the equipment. If they are not heat-resistant enough, problems can easily arise. These include circuit aging, component loss, and even direct short circuits. If the equipment stops, the entire production line will be affected.

Semiconductors are mainly composed of four parts: integrated circuits, optoelectronic devices, discrete devices, and sensors. However, since integrated circuits account for 80% of them, laypeople generally consider integrated circuits as semiconductors. In integrated circuits, they are further divided into microprocessors, memory, logic devices, and analog devices. These small box like things are actually what we commonly refer to as chips.

Chips are large-scale, microelectronic integrated circuits. That is, the printed circuit board is scaled down to nanometer (one millionth of a millimeter). On the front of the traditional printed circuit board, there are a large number of radio components, including triodes, diodes, capacitors, electrolysers, resistors, mid cycle regulators, switches, power amplifiers, detectors, filters, and so on.

​An Integrated Circuit (IC) functions by integrating various electronic components onto a semiconductor material, typically silicon.

The dispute between Qualcomm and Huawei in 5G coding in 2016 has caused widespread concern.